Dass-167 -

Each subscale contains a range of items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, from 0 (did not apply to me at all) to 3 (applied to me very much, or most of the time). The scores for each subscale are calculated by summing the ratings for the respective items.

The DASS-167 is grounded in the cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety, depression, and stress. This model posits that these conditions are interrelated and share common underlying cognitive and emotional processes. The instrument assesses the negative emotional states associated with anxiety, depression, and stress, providing a nuanced understanding of an individual's mental health. DASS-167

The standard DASS assessments have been validated and shown to have good reliability and validity. However, without specific information on the DASS-167, its psychometric properties cannot be confirmed. Each subscale contains a range of items rated