| Jurisdiction | Relevant Statutes / Cases | Core Principle | |--------------|---------------------------|----------------| | | Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. §§ 106‑117; Capitol Records v. ReDigi (2018); Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios (1984) | Reproducing or distributing copyrighted software without authorization is infringement. | | European Union | Directive 2001/29/EC (InfoSoc Directive); Svensson v. Retriever (2014) | Same‑type copying without consent violates EU copyright. | | International (Berne Convention) | Article 9 (derivative works) | Member states must protect the author's exclusive rights, including distribution. |