By the 16th and 17th centuries, the nature of piracy shifted again. The "Dunkirkers"—privateers operating from the Flemish coast—became the scourge of Dutch and English merchant ships. During the Eighty Years' War, these sailors were technically sanctioned by the Spanish crown, blurring the line between legitimate naval warfare and outright piracy. They operated in the treacherous shallows and shifting sands of the southern North Sea, using small, fast vessels to outmanoeuvre the heavy galleons of their enemies. The Harsh Reality of the North
For 300 years, the Pirates of the North Sea dictated the politics of Europe, extracting the Danegeld (huge ransom payments) from terrified kings. pirates of the north sea
The pirates of the North Sea did not always begin as outlaws. The most famous group, the Victual Brothers Vitalienbrüder By the 16th and 17th centuries, the nature