R−X+OH−→R−OH+X−cap R minus cap X plus cap O cap H raised to the negative power right arrow cap R minus cap O cap H plus cap X raised to the negative power B. Reaction with Potassium Cyanide (KCN)

Halogenoalkanes (also known as haloalkanes) are a cornerstone of organic chemistry. Because the carbon-halogen bond is polar, these molecules are susceptible to various attacks, making them vital intermediates in synthetic pathways.

Excess ammonia is used to minimize further substitution into secondary or tertiary amines. 2. Elimination Reactions

You should be comfortable drawing the "curly arrow" diagrams for: A one-step process (common for primary halogenoalkanes). A two-step process involving a carbocation intermediate (common for tertiary halogenoalkanes). Sₙ1 vs. Sₙ2 mechanism