| Species | Common Disorders | Typical Signs | |---------|----------------|----------------| | | Separation anxiety, aggression (fear/territorial), noise phobias | Destructive chewing, excessive vocalization, biting, trembling | | Cats | Inappropriate elimination, inter-cat aggression, psychogenic alopecia | Urinating outside litter box, fighting, over-grooming | | Horses | Cribbing, weaving, stall kicking, aggression | Repetitive oral movements, swaying, self-injury, biting | | Livestock | Tail biting (swine), feather pecking (poultry), buller steer syndrome | Injury to conspecifics, cannibalism, social isolation |

Understanding animal behavior is crucial for a variety of reasons. For one, it allows us to better appreciate the complexities of animal cognition and emotion, and to recognize that animals are not simply instinctual creatures, but rather individuals with their own unique experiences and perspectives.